Hiking the Inca Trail is a bucket-list experience for adventurers seeking to explore the ancient pathways of the Incas leading to Machu Picchu. However, one of the biggest challenges trekkers face along this route is Inca Trail altitude sickness. The trail takes hikers through high-altitude environments, with elevations reaching up to 4,215 meters (13,828 feet) at Dead Woman’s Pass, making altitude sickness a real concern.
Understanding how Inca Trail altitude sickness affects the body, how to prevent it, and what to do if symptoms appear is essential for a successful trek. In this detailed guide, we’ll cover:
- What Inca Trail altitude sickness is and why it happens
- The symptoms you should watch for
- How to prevent altitude sickness before and during the hike
- Effective treatments and remedies
- When to seek medical attention
- Essential tips for acclimatization
By following these strategies, you can minimize risks and enjoy an unforgettable trek to Machu Picchu without being affected by severe altitude-related symptoms.
What is Inca Trail Altitude Sickness?
Inca Trail altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when your body struggles to adapt to lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. This condition happens when you ascend too quickly without allowing enough time for acclimatization.
The Inca Trail is especially challenging because it involves significant altitude changes over a short period. The oxygen levels at Dead Woman’s Pass (4,215 m / 13,828 ft) are approximately 60% of what they are at sea level, which can lead to symptoms of altitude sickness.
Symptoms of Inca Trail Altitude Sickness
Recognizing the symptoms of Inca Trail altitude sickness early can help prevent more serious complications. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:
Mild Symptoms (Common and manageable)
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea or loss of appetite
- Fatigue or weakness
- Shortness of breath during exertion
- Difficulty sleeping
Moderate Symptoms (Requires attention)
- Persistent headache that does not go away with pain relievers
- Vomiting or severe nausea
- Increased dizziness or confusion
- Difficulty walking or loss of coordination
Severe Symptoms (Medical emergency)
- High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE): Fluid buildup in the lungs leading to breathlessness, even at rest.
- High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE): Brain swelling that causes confusion, hallucinations, and loss of consciousness.
If left untreated, severe Inca Trail altitude sickness can be life-threatening. Immediate descent to a lower altitude is crucial in such cases.
Why Do Hikers Get Inca Trail Altitude Sickness?
Several factors contribute to Inca Trail altitude sickness:
- Rapid ascent – The trail gains elevation quickly, particularly on Day 2 when trekkers ascend to Dead Woman’s Pass.
- Low oxygen levels – At high altitudes, oxygen levels are significantly reduced, making it harder for the body to function.
- Individual susceptibility – Some people are genetically more prone to altitude sickness than others.
- Lack of acclimatization – Hikers who do not spend enough time adjusting to high altitudes before the trek are more likely to suffer from AMS.
- Dehydration and poor nutrition – Not drinking enough water or consuming the right nutrients can worsen symptoms.
How to Prevent Inca Trail Altitude Sickness
The best way to avoid Inca Trail altitude sickness is through proper preparation and acclimatization. Here are the most effective strategies:
1. Spend Time at High Altitude Before the Trek
Arriving in Cusco (3,400 m / 11,152 ft) at least 2 to 3 days before starting the Inca Trail allows your body to adjust to the altitude gradually. You can also spend time in the Sacred Valley (2,800 m / 9,186 ft), which is at a lower elevation, to help your body adapt.
2. Stay Hydrated
Dehydration can increase the risk of Inca Trail altitude sickness. Drink at least 3-4 liters of water per day, and avoid alcohol or caffeine, as they can contribute to dehydration.
3. Ascend Gradually
If possible, choose an itinerary that includes acclimatization hikes before the Inca Trail. Trekking at higher altitudes before the actual hike helps your body adjust.
4. Eat a High-Carb Diet
Carbohydrates provide energy and help your body use oxygen more efficiently. Eat foods rich in grains, potatoes, pasta, quinoa, and fruits while hiking the Inca Trail.
5. Take it Slow
Avoid rushing. Walk at a steady, comfortable pace, especially on Day 2 when you gain the most altitude. Overexertion can trigger symptoms of Inca Trail altitude sickness faster.
6. Consider Altitude Medication
Some hikers take acetazolamide (Diamox), a medication that helps the body acclimate to high altitudes. Consult a doctor before taking any medication, as it can have side effects.
7. Get Enough Sleep
Fatigue can worsen altitude sickness. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night before and during the trek.
8. Listen to Your Body
If you start experiencing symptoms of Inca Trail altitude sickness, take a break, hydrate, and notify your guide. Ignoring symptoms can lead to more severe complications.
How to Treat Inca Trail Altitude Sickness
Even with proper prevention, some hikers may still experience mild symptoms of Inca Trail altitude sickness. Here’s what to do if you start feeling unwell:
1. Rest and Hydrate
Stop hiking and rest if you feel dizzy, lightheaded, or nauseous. Drink plenty of water and electrolyte-rich fluids to stay hydrated.
2. Descend to a Lower Altitude
If symptoms persist or worsen, descending at least 300-500 meters (984-1,640 feet) can help relieve altitude sickness quickly.
3. Use Supplemental Oxygen
Many Inca Trail tour operators carry oxygen tanks for emergencies. If you have difficulty breathing, using supplemental oxygen can help.
4. Take Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers
Ibuprofen or paracetamol can help with headaches caused by altitude sickness.
5. Try Coca Leaves or Coca Tea
Coca leaves are a traditional remedy used by locals to combat altitude sickness. Drinking coca tea or chewing the leaves may provide relief.
6. Seek Medical Attention for Severe Symptoms
If symptoms become serious (e.g., confusion, trouble breathing, loss of coordination), immediate descent and medical intervention are necessary.
How Altitude Sickness Affects Different Days of the Inca Trail
Understanding how Inca Trail altitude sickness can affect you on different days of the trek will help you prepare for the most challenging parts of the journey.
Day 1: Cusco to Wayllabamba (Easy Acclimatization Day)
- Altitude: Starts at 2,750 m (9,022 ft) and reaches 3,000 m (9,842 ft)
- Risk of altitude sickness: Low
- Symptoms: Most hikers feel fine on this day since the altitude gain is gradual. Some may experience mild shortness of breath.
Day 2: Wayllabamba to Dead Woman’s Pass to Pacaymayo (The Toughest Day)
- Altitude: Ascends from 3,000 m (9,842 ft) to 4,215 m (13,828 ft) at Dead Woman’s Pass, then descends to 3,600 m (11,811 ft)
- Risk of altitude sickness: High
- Symptoms: This is the most difficult day. Many hikers experience headaches, dizziness, and shortness of breath due to the extreme elevation gain.
Day 3: Pacaymayo to Phuyupatamarca (Scenic but Easier)
- Altitude: Starts at 3,600 m (11,811 ft), passes two high points at 3,950 m (12,959 ft) and 3,700 m (12,139 ft)
- Risk of altitude sickness: Moderate
- Symptoms: Most hikers feel better by this day, but those still struggling with acclimatization may experience mild symptoms.
Day 4: Phuyupatamarca to Machu Picchu (Final Descent)
- Altitude: Descends from 3,700 m (12,139 ft) to 2,430 m (7,972 ft) at Machu Picchu
- Risk of altitude sickness: Very low
- Symptoms: Most hikers feel relief as they descend to lower altitudes, where oxygen levels are significantly higher.
Best Acclimatization Hikes Before the Inca Trail
One of the best ways to prevent Inca Trail altitude sickness is to do acclimatization hikes before the trek. These hikes help your body adjust to high altitudes.
1. Cusco City Tour (3,400 m / 11,152 ft)
- A great way to start adjusting to the altitude while exploring historical sites like Sacsayhuamán, Q’enqo, and Coricancha.
2. Sacred Valley of the Incas (2,800 m – 3,500 m / 9,186 ft – 11,482 ft)
- Visiting Pisac, Ollantaytambo, and Maras Moray helps with gradual acclimatization.
3. Humantay Lake Trek (4,200 m / 13,780 ft)
- A challenging hike that prepares you for high-altitude conditions similar to Dead Woman’s Pass.
4. Rainbow Mountain (5,200 m / 17,060 ft)
- One of the highest treks near Cusco, ideal for testing your body’s ability to handle extreme altitudes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Inca Trail Altitude Sickness
1. Can anyone get altitude sickness on the Inca Trail?
Yes. Altitude sickness does not discriminate based on age, fitness level, or experience. Even physically fit hikers can be affected.
2. How long does it take to acclimatize before the Inca Trail?
It is recommended to spend at least 2-3 days in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before starting the trek.
3. Is altitude sickness dangerous on the Inca Trail?
Mild symptoms are common, but severe cases like HAPE (fluid in lungs) or HACE (brain swelling) can be life-threatening and require immediate descent.
4. Do tour operators carry oxygen on the Inca Trail?
Yes, reputable tour companies provide oxygen tanks and first aid in case of emergencies.
5. Can I take medication to prevent altitude sickness?
Yes. Acetazolamide (Diamox) can help with acclimatization, but consult your doctor before taking any medication.
6. What should I eat to help with altitude sickness?
A diet rich in carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, and high-energy foods helps your body adapt. Avoid heavy, greasy meals.
7. What should I do if I get altitude sickness on the Inca Trail?
Rest, drink water, and take it slow. If symptoms worsen, descend to a lower altitude immediately.
8. Is it possible to train for altitude before the Inca Trail?
You can improve your fitness, but training at sea level does not fully prepare you for high-altitude conditions. Acclimatization in Cusco is key.
Final Tips for a Safe and Enjoyable Inca Trail Experience
- Arrive in Cusco early – Give yourself time to acclimate before starting the trek.
- Stay hydrated – Drink 3-4 liters of water per day.
- Go slow and steady – Avoid overexertion to reduce the risk of altitude sickness.
- Listen to your body – Take breaks if you feel dizzy or unwell.
- Consider altitude medication – Ask your doctor about Diamox if you are prone to altitude sickness.
- Eat high-carb meals – Fuel your body with proper nutrition.
- Choose a reliable tour operator – Make sure they provide oxygen and first aid support.
- Mentally prepare – The trek is challenging, but with the right mindset and precautions, you can make it to Machu Picchu successfully.
Be Prepared and Conquer the Inca Trail
Inca Trail altitude sickness is a real challenge, but with the right preparation, it can be managed effectively. By acclimatizing properly, staying hydrated, eating well, and recognizing early symptoms, you can reduce your risk and fully enjoy this once-in-a-lifetime adventure.
With its breathtaking landscapes, ancient ruins, and the ultimate reward of reaching Machu Picchu, the Inca Trail is one of the most extraordinary hikes in the world. Don’t let altitude sickness ruin your experience—follow these expert tips and embark on your journey with confidence!
If you found this guide useful, share it with fellow travelers and start preparing for an unforgettable adventure on the Inca Trail!
